Study IV (published)
System drivers of EMS response-time variability
Study IV treats response time as a systems metric shaped by interacting operational and contextual factors, supporting allocation and evaluation approaches that make variability and tail delays explicit.
Design (high-level)
- Large-scale observational analysis of routine operational EMS data
- Explanatory focus on variability across workload, priority, time, and geography
- Interpretation anchored in queue dynamics and allocation constraints
Key contribution
Response time is interpreted as emergent system behaviour rather than a simple function of distance—supporting evaluation methods that emphasise distributions and tail delays.
Adaptive EMS Allocation 